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cplysy

Dec 06 2024

Tres Enfoques Psicológicos para Abordar el Aprendizaje: Conductismo, Cognitivismo y Constructivismo

Introducción

El aprendizaje es un proceso complejo que ha sido estudiado desde diversas perspectivas a lo largo de la historia. Tres de las corrientes más influyentes en la psicología del aprendizaje son el conductismo, el cognitivismo y el constructivismo. Cada una de estas teorías ofrece una visión única sobre cómo adquirimos conocimientos y habilidades.

Conductismo

El conductismo, originado a principios del siglo XX, se centra en el estudio de comportamientos observables. Los principales autores de esta corriente son John B. Watson y B.F. Skinner. Watson introdujo el concepto de condicionamiento clásico, mientras que Skinner desarrolló el condicionamiento operante, que se basa en el uso de refuerzos y castigos para moldear el comportamiento

El enfoque conductista se centra en la relación entre estímulos y respuestas, con el objetivo de predecir y controlar el comportamiento.

Cognitivismo

El cognitivismo surgió en la década de 1950 como una reacción al conductismo. Esta corriente se enfoca en los procesos mentales internos, como la percepción, la memoria y el pensamiento. Jean Piaget y Jerome Bruner son dos de los principales exponentes del cognitivismo. Piaget propuso la teoría del desarrollo cognitivo, que describe cómo los niños construyen su conocimiento a través de etapas

El objetivo del cognitivismo es entender cómo las personas procesan y almacenan la información.

Constructivismo

El constructivismo, desarrollado en las décadas de 1970 y 1980, sostiene que el aprendizaje es un proceso activo en el que los individuos construyen su propio conocimiento a través de la experiencia. Jean Piaget y Lev Vygotsky son figuras clave en esta corriente. Piaget destacó la importancia de la interacción con el entorno, mientras que Vygotsky enfatizó el papel del contexto social y cultural en el aprendizaje

El constructivismo busca fomentar un aprendizaje significativo y autónomo.

Conclusión

Cada una de estas corrientes ofrece herramientas valiosas para entender y mejorar el proceso de aprendizaje. El conductismo nos enseña sobre la importancia de los refuerzos, el cognitivismo nos ayuda a comprender los procesos mentales, y el constructivismo nos invita a ver el aprendizaje como una construcción activa del conocimiento. Juntas, estas teorías nos proporcionan una visión integral del aprendizaje humano

Written by cplysy · Categorized: TripleAD

Dec 02 2024

Lonnng Bar Chart Labels: 5 Fixes to Avoid Diagonal and Cut-Off Wording in Excel

If you’ve got a column chart with lots of labels, chances are, the labels have gotten twisted diagonally, like this:

Diagonal text takes longer to read than plain ol’ horizontal text, so we want to avoid it.

In this lesson, you’ll learn 5 ways to fix those lonnng chart labels:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ixLC9irm6pA

What’s Inside

  • 0:00 Intro
  • 0:58 Fix 1: Slow-to-Read Diagonal Text
  • 1:18 Fix 2: Unreadable Tiny Text
  • 1:38 Fix 3: Cartoonishly-Big Chart
  • 2:38 Fix 4: Column Chart into Bar Chart (with Change Chart Type)
  • 3:27 Fix 5: Forced Line Breaks in Chart Labels
  • 3:56 What NOT To Do: Clicking the Space Bar a Bajillion Times
  • 4:10 What TO Do: Alt + Enter
  • 4:38 Mixing and Maxing these 5 Fixes for Your Dataset
  • 4:58 Your Turn

Resources Mentioned

  • Download the Excel file shown in the lesson
  • Related tutorial: Adjusting the Outside and Inside Chart Borders in Excel

Transcript

Ann K. Emery: [00:00:00] If your chart has really long labels, chances are, Excel did this.

It probably tilted the labels diagonally, which takes longer to read, obviously, or it might’ve done the thing where it gives you some of the words and then dot, dot, dot, and it cuts them off. And. We can’t keep that.

So in this video, I’m going to show you five fixes.

And your data set is going to be totally different from my super fake one that I have here.

So you’re going to have to try these different fixes and then please, please, please comment below the video and let me know which fix works for you. Um, I’m Ann Emery. You’re watching Dataviz on the Go, the series where you learn dataviz time savers inside everyday software like Excel and PowerPoint and Word. And speaking of dataviz being on the go, I am leading office hours for my online course students in three minutes.

So let’s go, let’s go through these fixes really quickly. All right.

Fix number one [00:01:00] is you could just leave it alone and say, I don’t care if diagonal text takes longer to read, screw the people looking at this graph. They’re just going to have to take longer to read it. I know you’re not thinking that. I just wanted to show you like what, what not to do.

Okay. So we’re not just going to leave it like that.

Fix number two, uh, you could just say. I don’t care if people wear contacts or glasses. I’m just going to shrink down the font size until everything is horizontal. But, uh, I know, I know you’re not that rude. Okay. You’re not doing unreadable font either.

So that brings us to fix three, which actually might work. Fix three is you take your chart and you make it bigger until the labels are horizontal and it might have to be really big. It might have to be like, how big does it like this big? And then you have to adjust the inside border so you don’t have this weird white space.

I’ve got [00:02:00] other videos about this that I’ll link to up above too. If you’re like inside border, outside border, what’s that? You can go watch that quick tutorial as well. Now, enlarging the chart to get horizontal, easy to read labels, it might just work. Like if, if this chart is going into a wide PowerPoint slide, you can have a wide chart.

But what if your chart has to fit in this little teeny tiny spot on your dashboard screen? Then, uh, Your chart can’t be this wide, right? So this one gets like a, what are we kind of scoring the solution? Like a, a maybe, like a meh kind of squiggle. All right, fix four. You could change your columns into bars.

People think, Oh, now I’m going to have to delete my chart and start over. False. You don’t have to do that. You’re just going to take your chart and click on it. You’re going to do a right click and you go to change chart type. Bars and columns are similar, but Excel does not [00:03:00] consider them to be identical charts.

So you go to change chart type, it opens up the menu and you’re going to pick the bar chart. Okay. And then you still, of course, have to resize it a little bit. You’re left with this weird white space, but then your labels have all the breathing room that they need on the side. I often pick this solution.

I often change columns into bars. I have to do this for many, many projects. So that one’s going to get like a hooray. Check that it works. And then fix number five, I had to do this recently on a chart that looked similar to this. These aren’t the real countries or the real like scores or whatever this pretend data set would be about.

But the chart did look more or less like this. And I had to do fix five, which is forced. I’m going to show you what not to do, and then what to do. A forced line break would be, you take something that has two words, like South Korea. Here’s what not to do. You do space, space, space. And if you do enough [00:04:00] spaces, it forces a line break.

And that works, but there’s a little bit of a fancier behind the scenes workaround. So a forced line break, I would suggest would be Alt Enter. You’re going to have to look at your keyboard to do this. You’re going to click in between the two words where you want the line break and you’re going to do Alt Enter.

Hold down alt and then do enter, and it makes a new line. You can see it in that cell. You can see it up here in the formula bar, and then you can see it in the chart. In real life, you might actually have to mix and match some of these fixes. You might have to do a forced line break. You might have to enlarge the font size or shrink it just ever so slightly.

You might have to make the chart wider. Or not. Okay. So hopefully these five fixes have given you like some ideas, right? For your own troubleshooting. Okay. It is time for office [00:05:00] hours. I’ve got to go. I am a little bit late. Unfortunately, it’s your turn. Give this a try and comment below the video and let me know, did this work?

Did this not, did you run into some other challenge that you need help with? Let me know. And I’ll probably make a video just for you. Thank you.

Written by cplysy · Categorized: depictdatastudio

Dec 01 2024

El (p)arte del Pensamiento Evaluativo

Retomamos las ideas de Thomas Archibald sobre «Habilidades de pensamiento crítico y evaluativo para la evaluación transformadora». Nos centramos en el «Pensamiento evaluativo para la evaluación transformadora«

Según Patton, “La evaluación es una actividad. El pensamiento evaluativo es una forma de hacer negocios. Esta distinción es fundamental. La evaluación es más útil y realmente se usa cuando el programa y la cultura organizacional manifiestan un pensamiento evaluativo”.

Thomas Archibald y su equipo definen el «Pensamiento evaluativo» como:

  1. Aplicar el pensamiento crítico en el contexto de la evaluación.
  2. Estar motivado por una actitud de curiosidad y una creencia en el valor de la evidencia.
  3. Implicar la identificación de supuestos, plantear preguntas reflexivas y buscar una comprensión más profunda.
  4. Utilizar la reflexión, la toma de perspectiva e informar las decisiones en preparación para la acción.

El pensamiento evaluativo es tanto un fundamento filosófico de la evaluación como una forma de desarrollar la capacidad de evaluación de individuos y organizaciones, liberando el poder de la indagación. Aquí hay algunas formas en que el pensamiento evaluativo se relaciona con la transformación de la evaluación:

  1. Liderazgo descentralizado: Democratiza y descentraliza la investigación evaluativa, permitiendo que ciudadanos de todos los ámbitos participen en la recopilación, análisis y uso de datos.
  2. Gestión del conocimiento: Aprovecha la sabiduría práctica y una pluralidad de formas de conocimiento y razonamiento. Enfrenta los «problemas complejos» con una reflexión en acción y experimentación continua, conduciendo a un conocimiento artesanal.
  3. Pensamiento de sistemas y equidad: Al identificar suposiciones, adoptar múltiples perspectivas y explorar relaciones, el pensamiento evaluativo facilita el trabajo «glocal» orientado a los sistemas, prestando atención al poder, posicionamiento y prioridades para una evaluación equitativa.
  4. Equilibrio entre intuición y racionalidad: Admite una pluralidad de formas de conocimiento mientras mantiene un ojo crítico sobre la credibilidad de las afirmaciones y la evidencia.

El pensamiento evaluativo no solo mejora la calidad de las evaluaciones, sino que también promueve una cultura de aprendizaje continuo y adaptación, esencial para enfrentar los desafíos complejos del mundo actual.

Written by cplysy · Categorized: TripleAD

Nov 30 2024

Algunos retos para la evaluación de programas

Algunos retos para la evaluación de programas en el presente y futuro pasan por adaptarse a un entorno cada vez más complejo y dinámico. Aquí hay algunos aspectos clave de este desafío:

  1. Medición de Impacto a Largo Plazo: Evaluar el impacto sostenible de los programas en contextos cambiantes sigue siendo un desafío significativo.
  2. Integración de Nuevas Tecnologías: La incorporación de tecnologías avanzadas como la inteligencia artificial y el análisis de big data puede mejorar la precisión y eficiencia de las evaluaciones, pero también requiere nuevas habilidades y enfoques.
  3. Relevancia Estratégica: Asegurar que los temas evaluados sean estratégicamente relevantes y alineados con los objetivos a largo plazo de las organizaciones es crucial para maximizar el impacto de las evaluaciones.
  4. Implementación de Recomendaciones: Las recomendaciones de las evaluaciones a menudo no se implementan de manera efectiva, lo que limita su capacidad para generar cambios significativos.
  5. Coordinación y Colaboración: Mejorar la coordinación entre los departamentos de evaluación y otros departamentos dentro de las organizaciones es esencial para evitar duplicidades y asegurar una utilización eficiente de los recursos.

Abordar estos retos requiere un enfoque holístico y adaptativo, que combine la innovación tecnológica con una comprensión profunda de los contextos locales y las necesidades estratégicas de las organizaciones.

Written by cplysy · Categorized: TripleAD

Nov 30 2024

Eval Academy’s Top 10 Posts and Resources of 2024

To celebrate the end of the year, we’ve highlighted Eval Academy’s top ten posts and resources from 2024.

What posts or resources would you like to see in 2025? Comment below, tweet us @EvalAcademy or connect with us on LinkedIn!


Top posts of 2024

10. How to link surveys in Qualtrics with a participant ID

This is a step-by-step guide for linking your surveys in Qualtrics with a participant ID to assess change over time. Linking surveys together means that you’re connecting the data from all your surveys in a way that lets you track an individual respondent.

9. How to write good evaluation questions

The article outlines essential considerations for writing effective evaluation questions, emphasizing the need for questions to align with the evaluation’s purpose and involve stakeholder collaboration. The article provides guidance on the optimal number of questions, suggests the use of thematic clusters, and underscores the importance of language precision in crafting questions, concluding with indicators of well-crafted questions and next steps in the evaluation process.

8. What you need to know about member checking

While member checking is commonly used in qualitative research, it’s less commonly used in evaluation and we think that should change! In this article, we review what member checking is and why, when, and how you should use it.

7. Evaluation question examples by type of evaluation

This article takes a look at how using different evaluation strategies or frameworks can help you to craft perfect evaluation questions.

6. Differences between Theory of Change, Log Frames, Results Frameworks and Logic Models – what are they and when to use them

You might have noticed how there seem to be quite a few evaluation tools doing very similar things. It’s no surprise that these tools can sometimes be confused, and the lines can be blurred around when and how to use them. To help you on your way to deciding which tool is best suited to our evaluation, this article compare and contrasts few of our favourites.

5. Creating a qualitative codebook

A codebook for qualitative research is a stand-alone document that contains a list of themes, codes, and definitions that you are using in your qualitative analysis. This article outlines the structure of a qualitative codebook as well as steps to follow to create your own.

4. Finding the right sample size (the hard way)

For those interested in calculating sample sizes by hand, or getting a better understanding of the math behind many sample size calculators, this article outlines the formulae used to calculate sample sizes.

3. How to complete an environmental scan: avoiding the rabbit holes

This article is aimed at those who are new to environmental scanning and are looking for new ways to support program planning and improvement.

2. Everything you need to know about Likert scales

The Likert scale is one of the more commonly used rating scales in surveys. As evaluators, we should know a thing or two about it, and how to navigate some of the decisions involved in using a Likert scale. This article introduces Likert scales and how to use them.

1. Interpreting themes from qualitative data: thematic analysis

This article supports evaluators who are new to qualitative data analysis. We start by defining thematic analysis, then give you a 5-step process to complete your own analysis. We end the article by highlighting some common challenges with thematic analysis.


Top resources of 2024

Complete Reporting Bundle

Complete Reporting Bundle

CA$0.00

10. Complete reporting bundle

Discover the Complete Reporting Bundle from Eval Academy, your all-in-one resource for reporting on your evaluation. This bundle equips you with the tools to excel in reporting including templates and tools for styling and structuring your next report. Download now and elevate your reporting to new heights!

9. Evaluation status update template

A status template to keep stakeholders informed on how the evaluation is progressing (Project Management tool).

8. Outcome statement tipsheet

This tip sheet lists the key elements you need to include in your outcome statement. 

7. Survey questions infographic

This infographic outlines 8 types of survey questions you should avoid and explains why you should avoid them.

6. Stakeholder matrix tipsheet

This tip sheet provides basic tips for creating a stakeholder matrix to better understand who your stakeholders are and how they should be involved.

5. Theory of Change tipsheet

Tips on how to create a theory of change.

4. Outcome harvest template

This Outcome Harvesting Substantiation Form streamlines the documentation of a program’s impact by capturing outcome statements and assessing observed changes. It enables you to evaluate significance, determine program contribution, and classify outcome types, facilitating informed decision-making and demonstrating program effectiveness.

EA_th_checklist-eval-question.png

Evaluation Question Checklist

CA$0.00

3. Evaluation kick-off meeting agenda template

This customizable resource provides an agenda template for an “Evaluation Kick-off Meeting” for a program or project. The meeting aims to initiate the evaluation process and includes various activities such as introductions, identification of team members and their roles, clarification of program goals, evaluation planning, and communication strategies. The template downloads as a Word document.

2. A beginner’s guide to evaluation

This infographic is for people who are new to the field of evaluation and want to learn more about it. The purpose of the infographic is to provide newcomers with valuable resources that answer three important questions about evaluation. The infographic includes a one-page PDF with clickable links to relevant resources, making it easy for beginners to explore and learn more about evaluation.

1. Evaluation question checklist

This checklist acts as a tool to score your evaluation questions. This resource downloads as a Word document.

Written by cplysy · Categorized: evalacademy

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